Scientific study uses revolutionary logger fitted on albatrosses to detect interactions with fishing vessels in the southern ocean
16 June 2017
The findings of the recently published Use of radar detectors to track attendance of albatrosses at fishing vessels offers scientists a new way of looking at fisheries risk to seabirds.
The study followed the foraging patterns of tagged wandering albatrosses from the Crozet Islands and found widespread attendance of foraging birds at fisheries vessels.
Use of radar detectors to track attendance of albatrosses at fishing vessels was authored by Henri Weimerskirch and Julien Collet from the Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chize, France, Samantha Patrick from the School of Environmental Sciences at University of Liverpool, Dominique Filippi of Sextant Technology, and Susan Waugh from Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
The research funded by the French Polar Institute (IPEV) and the European Research Council (ERC) took place in Possession Island in the Crozet Islands, southern Indian Ocean, from January to March in 2015 and 2016 and used newly developed technology to log bird activity.
Fifty-three incubating wandering albatross were fitted with XGPS radar loggers in the field. The radar signals emitted from vessels were detected by an omnidirectional micro strip antenna integrated with the bird’s geo-positional GPS device.
Henri Weimerskirch from the Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chize says this study is incredibly important, as albatrosses are well-known ship followers and their populations have been severely impacted through accidental mortality due to their encounters with fishing vessels.
“The wandering albatross seek discarded fishery waste from vessels, with potential deleterious effects on worldwide populations,” he says.
Te Papa Senior Curator, Sciences Susan Waugh explains that the newly developed XGPS radar loggers detect vessel radar signals and were used to study the extent of overlap between the albatrosses and fisheries vessels.
“Being able to detect the presence of vessels throughout a species’ range is essential to derive comprehensive encounter, attendance and mortality rates and detect changes in foraging behaviour triggered by the presence of vessels,” she says.
The research found that during breeding, tagged Crozet wandering albatrosses patrolled over an area of more than 10 million square kilometres and as much as 79.5% of birds equipped with the loggers detected vessels, at distances up to 2500 kilometres from the colony.
“This high rate of encounter shows that a far higher proportion of the population are exposed to fisheries mortality risk than previously supposed. The tagged birds showed varying patterns of encounter and attendance at vessels that challenge our perception of foraging behaviour of seabirds,” Waugh says.
An estimated 300,000 seabirds are killed annually in longline fishing. These include critically endangered species, such as Tristan and Amsterdam albatrosses, as well as threatened species such as the wandering albatross researched in this study, or New Zealand’s endemic, threatened Antipodean albatross. The new technology will allow researchers to identify which fleets these very rare species interact with, and enable bycatch mitigation actions to be targeted in those fisheries.
Albatrosses are one of the most threatened families of birds internationally, with 15 of the 22 species in the group threatened with extinction. For all the threatened species, longline mortality is listed as a threat to the populations.
Currently the programme is tracking juvenile birds as they make their first flights after leaving the nest. The trip the juvenile Crozet wandering albatrosses take after leaving the nest takes them across the Indian Ocean, into the Tasman Sea and Pacific Ocean, before they return to their breeding site in Sub-Antarctic Crozet Islands in four to five years’ time.
“Research programmes like this mean that we can track encounters and understand the real level of risk posed by fishing in different life stages,” says Weimerskirch.
Use of radar detectors to track attendance of albatrosses at fishing vessels is published on the Conservation Biology online journal.
Read the full study on wiley.com
About the researchers
Dr Henri Weimerskirch, Director of Research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in France, led the programme to track albatrosses and commissioned the work. He will be again in November 2017 on a scientific mission at the Crozet Islands to deploy the loggers on juvenile wandering albatrosses. His contributions to the understanding of albatross behaviour over several decades include the first deployment of satellite transmitters on albatrosses in 1990, and elucidating the role of ageing and environmental changes on the life-histories of long lived birds.
Dr Dominique Filippi from Sextant Technology Ltd is the engineer who developed this logger. He is based in Wellington, New Zealand and has worked with the French research agency over several years to develop biologging equipment to track behaviour of penguins, albatrosses and marine mammals.
Dr Susan Waugh, Te Papa Senior Curator, Sciences is part of the team who deployed the first generation of XGPS loggers in 2013 at the Crozet Islands and at sites in New Zealand.
Samantha Patrick from the School of Environmental Sciences at University of Liverpool and has modelled the study birds behaviours and responses to encountering vessels.
Julien Collet is a PhD student with the CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, France. He is interested in analyzing trajectories to better understand wild animal cognition and how they make decisions to move and find resources. He has been working on this topic on a range of organisms (various seabirds but also fruit flies and baboons) or through theoretical modelling research in France (CNRS) and in the UK (Zoological Society of London, University of Leeds). Now for his PhD supervised by Dr Henri Weimerskirch (CNRS, France) and Dr Keith Hamer (University of Leeds, UK) he is applying these skills to the case of seabirds encountering fishing boats.
Media contacts
Henri Weimerskirch, Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chize, France
henri.weimerskirch@cebc.cnrs.fr
Sophie Speer, Te Papa Senior Communications Adviser
sophie.speer@tepapa.govt.nz