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Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea is one of the most linguistically and culturally diverse countries in the world. With a population of around 10 million, it is home to more than 800 distinct languages and thousands of cultural groups, many of which maintain traditional practices, knowledge systems, and governance structures. Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, and English are the official languages, but local languages dominate daily village life, meaning multilingualism is the norm.

Diversity is also expressed through art, ritual, and performance. Ceremonial practices, such as singsings (gatherings with dance, music, and costume), vary widely across regions and are used to affirm alliances, resolve conflicts, and celebrate milestones.

  • A mask that has round wings or loops with thread crisscrossed over them.

    Ceremonial masks of Papua New Guinea

    Te Papa’s collection from Papua New Guinea includes impressive dance masks made from tapa (barkcloth), which were worn in the early 1900s during ceremonial rituals. View some of the masks and find out about their different uses.

  • A large mask made of tapa and cane.

    Watch: Eharo dance masks – Tales from Te Papa

    Tribes in Papua New Guinea used these Eharo masks for a ritual celebration that could last for years. Made of cane, tapa cloth, and painted with natural pigments, they were usually burnt after use, which makes the ones at Te Papa especially rare.

  • A painting of four different views of the same person wearing ceremonial clothing and facepaint.

    “Look Within 2” by Daniel Waswas

    Look Within 2 (2007) by Papua New Guinea artist Daniel Waswas depicts four images of the same person, conveying a message of self-reflection and addressing the idea of identity from within one’s own background. 

  • A round disc made of turtle shell that has been carved into a pattern.

    Kapkap

    Kapkaps, as ornaments like this are called, are found in parts of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. These shell disks overlaid with delicate turtle shell filigree are much admired. Attached to a cord or woven band of fibre, they can be worn on the forehead, breast, or shoulder.

  • Two views of a tapa cape with one view showing a Christian cross on the shoulders.

    Close ties: A farewell cope (cape)

    The women of Gona village, Papua New Guinea, made this cope (priest’s vestment) as a farewell gift for the Reverend Wardman in 1962. The Anglican missionary had lived and worked with the community for 12 years.

  • Two long wooden planks with cartoon image of The Phantom painted on it with the word Phantom on each.

    One of the Good Guys: Phantom Shields in Papua New Guinea

    From the 1980s–1990s The Phantom emerged on battle shields during a period of inter-tribal fighting in parts of the Papua New Guinea highlands. For a brief period, the Wahgi people re-painted old battle shields, including representations of ‘good guys’ like the Phantom to capture some of his symbolic power and incite fear amongst their opponents.

  • A house build on an island in the Pacific that is mae from trees and has no walls.

    Photographs from Papua New Guinea between 1894 and 1903

    Missionary Reverend John Arthur Crump and his family lived on several islands in Papua New Guinea between 1894 and 1903. During that time, he took many photographs of life in Papua New Guinea. View some of them on Collections Online.

  • Black and white photo of five tattooed hands together

    Watch: Talking Tatau – Mana Wahine Panel

    Who said tattooing is ‘men’s’ work anyway? Watch a panel discussion from Te Papa inspired by the stories of women mark makers who are revitalising female tattooing in Aotearoa, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Sāmoa.